add email signup flow

backend/app/Email/EmailConfirmationToken/CreateEmailConfirmationTokenDto.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Email\EmailConfirmationToken;
+
+use App\User\User;
+use DateTimeImmutable;
+
+final readonly class CreateEmailConfirmationTokenDto
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        public User $user,
+        public DateTimeImmutable $availableTo,
+        public string $token,
+    ) {}
+}

backend/app/Email/EmailConfirmationToken/EloquentEmailConfirmationTokenRepository.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Email\EmailConfirmationToken;
+
+use App\User\User;
+use App\User\UserRepository;
+use DomainException;
+
+class EloquentEmailConfirmationTokenRepository implements
+    EmailConfirmationTokenRepository
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private UserRepository $userRepository,
+    ) {}
+
+    public function create(
+        CreateEmailConfirmationTokenDto $dto,
+    ): EmailConfirmationToken {
+        $model = EmailConfirmationTokenModel::create([
+            'user_id' => $dto->user->getId(),
+            'token' => $dto->token,
+            'available_to' => $dto->availableTo,
+        ]);
+
+        return $this->toDomain($model);
+    }
+
+    public function findByToken(string $token): ?EmailConfirmationToken
+    {
+        $model = EmailConfirmationTokenModel::query()
+            ->where('token', $token)
+            ->first();
+
+        return $model === null ? null : $this->toDomain($model);
+    }
+
+    public function findByUser(User $user): ?EmailConfirmationToken
+    {
+        $model = EmailConfirmationTokenModel::query()
+            ->where('user_id', $user->getId())
+            ->first();
+
+        return $model === null ? null : $this->toDomain($model);
+    }
+
+    public function delete(int $id): void
+    {
+        EmailConfirmationTokenModel::where('id', $id)->delete();
+    }
+
+    private function toDomain(
+        EmailConfirmationTokenModel $model,
+    ): EmailConfirmationToken {
+        $user = $this->userRepository->find($model->user_id);
+        if ($user === null) {
+            throw new DomainException(
+                "User with id {$model->user_id} not found",
+            );
+        }
+
+        return new EmailConfirmationToken(
+            id: $model->id,
+            user: $user,
+            availableTo: $model->available_to,
+            token: $model->token,
+        );
+    }
+}

backend/app/Email/EmailConfirmationToken/EmailConfirmationToken.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Email\EmailConfirmationToken;
+
+use App\User\User;
+use DateTimeImmutable;
+
+final readonly class EmailConfirmationToken
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private int $id,
+        private User $user,
+        private DateTimeImmutable $availableTo,
+        private string $token,
+    ) {}
+
+    public function getId(): int
+    {
+        return $this->id;
+    }
+
+    public function getUser(): User
+    {
+        return $this->user;
+    }
+
+    public function getAvailableTo(): DateTimeImmutable
+    {
+        return $this->availableTo;
+    }
+
+    public function getToken(): string
+    {
+        return $this->token;
+    }
+}

backend/app/Email/EmailConfirmationToken/EmailConfirmationTokenModel.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Email\EmailConfirmationToken;
+
+use DateTimeImmutable;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Attributes\Fillable;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+
+/**
+ * @property int $id
+ * @property int $user_id
+ * @property string $token
+ * @property DateTimeImmutable $available_to
+ *
+ * @method static Builder<static>|EmailConfirmationTokenModel newModelQuery()
+ * @method static Builder<static>|EmailConfirmationTokenModel newQuery()
+ * @method static Builder<static>|EmailConfirmationTokenModel query()
+ *
+ * @mixin \Eloquent
+ */
+#[Fillable([
+    'user_id',
+    'token',
+    'available_to',
+])]
+class EmailConfirmationTokenModel extends Model
+{
+    protected $table = 'email_confirmation_tokens';
+
+    public $timestamps = false;
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, string>
+     */
+    protected function casts(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'available_to' => 'immutable_datetime',
+        ];
+    }
+}

backend/app/Email/EmailConfirmationToken/EmailConfirmationTokenRepository.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Email\EmailConfirmationToken;
+
+use App\User\User;
+
+interface EmailConfirmationTokenRepository
+{
+    public function create(
+        CreateEmailConfirmationTokenDto $dto,
+    ): EmailConfirmationToken;
+
+    public function findByToken(string $token): ?EmailConfirmationToken;
+
+    public function findByUser(User $user): ?EmailConfirmationToken;
+
+    public function delete(int $id): void;
+}

backend/app/Email/EmailConfirmationToken/UseCases/CreateEmailConfirmationToken.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Email\EmailConfirmationToken\UseCases;
+
+use App\Auth\Clock;
+use App\Auth\TokenGenerator;
+use App\Email\EmailConfirmationToken\CreateEmailConfirmationTokenDto;
+use App\Email\EmailConfirmationToken\EmailConfirmationToken;
+use App\Email\EmailConfirmationToken\EmailConfirmationTokenRepository;
+use App\Exceptions\BadRequestException;
+
+class CreateEmailConfirmationToken
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private EmailConfirmationTokenRepository $tokenRepository,
+        private Clock $clock,
+        private TokenGenerator $tokenGenerator,
+    ) {}
+
+    /**
+     * @throws BadRequestException
+     */
+    public function execute(
+        CreateEmailConfirmationTokenRequest $request,
+    ): EmailConfirmationToken {
+        if ($request->user === null) {
+            throw new BadRequestException('user is required');
+        }
+        if ($request->minuteOffset === null) {
+            throw new BadRequestException('minuteOffset is required');
+        }
+
+        $existingToken = $this->tokenRepository->findByUser($request->user);
+        if ($existingToken !== null) {
+            $this->tokenRepository->delete($existingToken->getId());
+        }
+
+        return $this->tokenRepository->create(
+            new CreateEmailConfirmationTokenDto(
+                user: $request->user,
+                availableTo: $this->clock->now()->modify(
+                    "+{$request->minuteOffset} minutes",
+                ),
+                token: $this->tokenGenerator->generate(),
+            ),
+        );
+    }
+}

backend/app/Email/EmailConfirmationToken/UseCases/CreateEmailConfirmationTokenRequest.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Email\EmailConfirmationToken\UseCases;
+
+use App\User\User;
+
+final readonly class CreateEmailConfirmationTokenRequest
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        public ?User $user,
+        public ?int $minuteOffset,
+    ) {}
+}