diff --git a/nix/nixos-module.nix b/nix/nixos-module.nix
index 342ed89..3deb1e1 100644
--- a/nix/nixos-module.nix
+++ b/nix/nixos-module.nix
@@ -46,14 +46,6 @@ let
     SESSION_SECURE_COOKIE = lib.boolToString cfg.backend.cookieSecure;
   };
 
-  fpmBaseEnvironment = lib.filterAttrs (
-    environmentName: environmentValue: environmentValue != ""
-  ) appEnvironment;
-
-  fpmEnvironment = fpmBaseEnvironment // {
-    APP_KEY = "$APP_KEY";
-  };
-
   artisan = "${phpPackage}/bin/php ${appDir}/artisan";
 
   makeDirectoryRule = path: "d ${path} 0750 ${cfg.user} ${cfg.group} - -";
@@ -246,7 +238,6 @@ in
     services.phpfpm.pools.${poolName} = {
       inherit (cfg) user group;
       inherit phpPackage;
-      phpEnv = fpmEnvironment;
       settings = {
         "catch_workers_output" = true;
         "clear_env" = "no";
@@ -292,6 +283,7 @@ in
     systemd.services.${phpfpmService} = {
       after = [ "${setupService}.service" ];
       requires = [ "${setupService}.service" ];
+      environment = appEnvironment;
       serviceConfig = {
         EnvironmentFile = cfg.backend.environmentFile;
         ReadWritePaths = [